The Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv, Tuberculosis ) And...

ASSIGNMENT : DRUG ABUSE, ADVANCED COMMUNICABLE DISEASES ( HIV, TUBERCULOSIS) AND HEALTH BEHAVIOUR ; INTERVENTIONS AND POLICIES. MODULE: Advanced Communicable Diseases (HIV, HBV, HCV, TB), Substance Misuse and Health Behaviour: Interventions and Policies LEVEL: 7 MODULE CODE: MH70025W COURSE: COMMUNICABLE DISEASES : RISK ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS FOR SUBSTANCE MISUSERS TUTOR: Dr Duncan Stewart Luisa Perrino STUDENT NUMBER : 21257385 WORD COUNT: 3,342 The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus); a condition in which progressive failure of the immune system provides life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive that causes the acquired†¦show more content†¦In 2012, there were 6,360 new diagnoses of HIV, contributing to a total of 128,805 cases reported by the end of 2012. Following the identification of AIDS in the UK in the early 1980s, a steady increase of the number of people were diagnosed with HIV. From 1987 to 1990 the total number of reported HIV diagnoses almost doubled, from 8,888 to 15,570. HIV/AIDS was initially concentrated among three high-risk groups - men who have sex with men (MSM), injecting drug users and people who had receive blood products. Annual HIV diagnoses increased rapidly till 2004. Much of this rise is because of infections transmitted via heterosexual sex. Since 2005, the sum of people who picked up HIV through heter osexual contact has been reduced while new HIV diagnoses among MSM have been continuously increasing. These two routes of transmission now have similar annual figures. According to Public Health England (2013) HIV in the United Kingdom: 2013 report , injecting drug use has played a smaller part in the HIV epidemic in the UK than it has in many other high-income countries. During 2012, a reported 120 people diagnosed with HIV acquired it through this transmission route. In the initial phases of the UK epidemic few HIV diagnose were of women. Unlike in other parts of the world, such as sub-Saharan Africa, where more women are living with HIV than men, HIV diagnoses in the UK have persistently been majority-male.Show MoreRelatedReport on a Child Living with AIDS2411 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Report on a child living with AIDS AIDS fact sheet AIDS is a disorder the affects the human immune system, and it is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). In the initial stages, a person infected with AIDS might experience some influenza like illness for a brief period, which is normally followed by a long period without any symptoms. As the disorder progresses it affects the immune system more and more making a person more prone to opportunistic infections, and tumors which wouldRead MoreEssay on An Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus1325 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Introduction In 1983, scientists led by Luc Montagnier at the Pasteur institute in France, first discovered the virus that causes AIDS. They called it lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV). A year later, Robert Gallo and Marvin Reitz of the United States, confirmed the discovery of the virus and they named it human T lymphotrphic virus type III (HTL V-III). In 1986, both names were dropped in favour of the term human immunodefifciencyRead MoreHiv / Aids As A Pandemic For Global Health2101 Words   |  9 PagesA little over three decades ago, reports emerged of a new virus that was outbreaking in parts of the United States. Within the first twelve months of these reports, the disease sprung up among particular people groups such as homosexual men, patients with hemophilia, intravenous drug users and blood-transfusion recipients. Shortly after, an epidemic of AIDS emerged in Central Africa, particularly affecting women. Little was it known at that time that these small handful of cases would eventuallyRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Tuberculosis, Kenya, Uganda And The Democratic Republic Of The Congo1665 Words   |  7 Pages Tuberculosis remains elusive, it remains a top infectious killer worldwide. This disease is a bacteria caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacteria commonly affects the lungs, it is spread through person to person. It is curable and preventable, but may be fatal if not treated. (The World Health Organisation) (2015a) The world health organisation (WHO) (2015b) reports that 95% of these deaths are in resource poor areas. This essay will focus on Sub-Saharan Africa, an area with a wide proportionRead MoreHigh Rates Of Adverse Neonatal Outcomes1644 Words   |  7 Pagesof adverse neonatal outcomes have been reported among women with HIV. In high-income countries, small for gestational age (SGA) and pre-term birth (PTB) are among the most prevalent of these outcomes and have been variously associated with antiretroviral treatment, ethnicity/race, psychosocial risk and lack of prenatal care. While evidence demonstrates that both medical and social factors contribute to LBW and PTD, risk factors for HIV positive women in Ottawa, Canada, have not been well describedRead MoreNursing Leadership For Sustainable Community Health And Development Essay1104 Words   |  5 PagesSTRENGHTENING NURSING LEADERSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN WEST NILE SUB REGION Building Essential Effective Nursing Leadership Beyond 2020 Aserua Rosemary November 2015 SEMESTER THREE CAPSTONE PROJECT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING Key words-Leadership, community health, sustainable development. Read MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )2524 Words   |  11 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the cause of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (Lamptey et al 2002). The transmission of this virus occurs through contact with blood, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk (Lamptey et al 2002). Sexual intercourse with a HIV infected partner is the most common cause of transmission. HIV can also spread through contact with contaminated syringes or needles and also be passed from mother to child through pregnancy, birth and breast feeding (LampteyRead MoreHiv And The World Health Organization2028 Words   |  9 PagesHIV/AIDS is a an acronym that has become synonymous with the weakening of the human immunity system and has become a constant source of anguish for the infected and their families. According to the Center for Disease Control, more than 1.2 million people in the US are living with HIV. What may be worrying is that 1 in 8 persons are unaware of their positive status. Despite the number of new HIV diagnoses has decreasing by 19% between 2005 and 2014 , there is still a lot of unsightly statisticsRead MoreBackground Guide Of World Health Organization7133 Words   |  29 PagesBashu secondary school Guo fangzhu Chongqing Foreign Language School Li kexin Chongqing Foreign Language School †¢ 2015 Chongqing Seniors Model United Nations Committee †¢ 2015 Cmuns World Health Organization Background guide of World Health Organization 2012-2015 CMUNS Committee. All rights reserved Table of contents Welcome letter from the Secretary-General Welcome letter from the chair History of the committeeRead MoreIntroduction to Diseases10781 Words   |  44 Pages DISEASES Teacher: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. INTRODUCTION The difference between good health and disease is that health is the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of a living being. In  humans, it is the general condition of a  persons mind, body and spirit, usually meaning to be free from  illness,  injury  or  pain  (as in â€Å"good health† or â€Å"healthy†) whiles a disease  is an  abnormal  condition affecting the body of an organism. It is often construed to be a  medical

Surrealism An Art Movement - 1248 Words

Surrealism was an art movement based on dreams, unconscious thought and defying conventional logic. It grew out of the earlier avant-garde movement called Dada in the 1920s. Dada was about chaos and rejecting logic and rationality, and was also referred to as anti-art. Just like Surrealism it often featured bizarre imagery that didn t make sense. Famous surrealist artists include Salvador Dalà ­, Renà © Magritte, Marcel Duchamp, Man Ray, Max Ernst, and Frida Kahlo (although she rejected the label). Dali s The Persistence of Memory, one of the most famous surrealist paintings Painting and sculpture are what gave Surrealism its fame, but it was also important in literature, music, and of course film. Some of the most well-known Surrealist artists even directed some movies. The first film I ll mention is Rhythmus 21. It was directed by a German artist named Hans Richter who was influenced by cubism and was part of the Dada movement. Rhythmus 21 was completely abstract, 3 minutes long, and black and white. There are no actors or dialogue, just shapes growing in size and moving about the screen. The short is one of the earliest and most influential abstract films. Next, there s the 1923 short Return to Reason by the prominent Dada/Surrealist artist Man Ray. Born in 1890 in Pennsylvania, Man Ray became known for his photography and painting in the 1910s and 1920s. He ended up being part of the first Surrealist exhibition held in Paris in 1925. Return toShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Surrealist Movement in Arts Influence on Fashion1528 Words   |  7 PagesThe Surrealist Movement in Art’s Influence on Fashion Introduction This essay aims to analyse the key role that the surrealist movement has played on fashion and the fashion industry. Both from a historical point of view, as well as its continued impact on fashion today, as a source of inspiration for contemporary fashion designers. In this essay I will account for how the Surrealist movement in art has influenced the progress and growth of fashion worldwide and our sense of appearance.Read MoreArt Movement After World War I1174 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the Visual Art Encyclopedia, Surrealism sprang up in Paris and became rooted in the avant-garde art world. Surrealism was the fashionable art movement after World War I. Surrealism is and the last major art movement to be associated with the Ecole de Paris. The writer Andre Breton (1896-1966), nicknamed the Pope of Surrealism, was the movement s founder and chief theorist. He introduced and defined the new style in his initial 1924 manifesto (Manifeste du Surrealisme) and later inRead MoreThe Influence of Dadaism on Surrealism and Abstract Expressionism1175 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿TOPIC: IMAGINATION VALUES ORDER ID: A2098372 The Influence of Dadaism on Surrealism and Abstract Expressionism When the groundbreaking philosophers of psychology, Sigmund Freud and Karl Jung, presented the world with their ideas about the subconscious, they prompted a surge of human introspection. The idea of an unexplored, and perhaps unknown self, lurking beneath the social faÃÆ' §ade intrigued and tortured many artists who began to shift their focus from the outer world to more personal strugglesRead MoreSurrealism Essay957 Words   |  4 PagesHistory: Surrealism is one of the most distinguishing movements of art. It was proclaimed by the poet Andrà © Breton in Paris in 1924. It is defined by Breton as â€Å"Pure Psychic automatism, by which one tries to express verbally, in writing, or by any other method, the actual process of thinking.† It’s goal was to liberate thought from the oppressive boundaries of rationalism. The source of artistic creativity for surrealism was inspired by the unconscious mind, particularly dreams. The SurrealistRead MoreSurrealism And Its Impact On The 19th Century During The 20th Century927 Words   |  4 Pageswars. Art lost its meaning during this time and the only way to give it meaning again was to make it different, to offend people to help to make a point. This is similar to the artist/rapper Eminem, how his use of profane language draws attention to his work and its controversy makes it a topic of conversation. After the rise of abstract art rose a new style called Dada art. This was one of the most unusual time in part as it went against the common idea as to what art is. Dada led to Surrealism whichRead More Dada Surrealism Essay1237 Words   |  5 PagesDada Surrealism What elements of dada and surrealism suggest the influence of Freud? The 20th Century marked a changed in how people viewed the known world. Since its beginning art has played a major role in how people were able to express themselves. The early 20th century brought rise to new and exciting art forms. These were types of writings, paintings and, documentaries that no one had ever seen before. From expressionism to Dadaism types of work ranged by all means of the artist. AboutRead MoreSurrealism and Femininity1649 Words   |  7 PagesSurrealism and femininity - A2098336 Introduction Surrealism is type of cultural movement that came into being in 1920s and it is renowned for the visual artworks and writings. The main aim of the emergence of surrealism was to get a solution to what was a previously contradictory condition between dream and reality. Artists painted illogical, unnerving scenes that had photographic precession. They also created strange creatures from the objects that existed everyday. They were also able to developRead MoreMeret Oppenheim : A Woman Before Her Time?1695 Words   |  7 Pagesinteresting artist of this time who expressed herself and ideas through the Surrealism Movement in more ways than one. Oppenheim used many materials in her pieces that were unique, touchable items. The artist then took these material items and used then to convey ideas to her audience and to get them to think beyond just what they saw. Finally, Oppenheim proved to society how women were mistreated during this time period in the art world and she shows these throu gh her work. Meret Oppenheim is not afraidRead MoreThe Dada Art Movement During World War I1272 Words   |  6 Pages The DADA art movement was an anti- art/anti-war political movement against war (WWI). World War I caused over 6.6 million civilian and military deaths (World war I by the Numbers, 2015) and this upset many people. Artist’s decided to react and protest using their talent starting what we know as the DADA art movement.The movement began in the 1916 in Zurich, Switzerland connecting art to the social conditions of what was going on in the world. Dadaist felt the battle over the land

Impact of Changes and Transformations in Organizations - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Changes and Transformations in Organizations. Answer: The topic of this assignment is to discuss about the impact of changes and transformations in organizations and on people. In our daily a life, a lot of changes can be observed by us that takes place around us. These changes include changes in technologies, changes in the society as well as changes in our personal lives. The lives of human beings are always extremely uncertain, but the one thing that is constant in this uncertain life is change. To people, changes are scary. People always like to have an extremely certain life with no risks. Changes can bring risks to the lives of people. Thus, it is scary. On the other hand, changes do come along with a lot of opportunities which is always overlooked by the people and the thought only restricts to the risks that can be brought forward by these changes. In order to move forward, it is important for the people to accept the changes by coming out of their comfort zone. A lot of energy is required to come out of the comfort zone and move forward. This energy has to be found from somewhere around the person who is trying to accept the changes. Emotions play the most important role in the search of this energy. At times, emotions get the better out of people when they are confronting the dramatic transformational changes around themselves (Huy, Corley and Kraatz 2014). There is a theory of transition, which explains this emotional rollercoaster while accepting the transformational changes. When a person faces a radical change, the first thing that pops into the head of the person is denial. There is constant fight within the person himself in accepting the fact that this has actually happened to him or her. They do not want to accept the fact this change has actually come into their lives. This phase of denial will continue for some time followed by fear and anxiety. This phase of fear and anxiety comes after a person gets over the denial phase and accepts the fact that this change has actually taken place. They start thinking of the matters like how they will be able to cope up with this situation and what consequences can be faced by them if they cannot cope up. They might even lose the capability to afford for daily food and their house rents. Thus, fear and anxiety of getting accustomed to the situation becomes a huge issue. All these thoughts put a person into a lot of stress but this is not long lasting. Eventually a person will find a way to live life in a prope r manner by identifying the opportunities that the changes have brought to their lives (Norman and Verganti 2014). As soon as a person is successful in identifying the opportunities brought forward by the changes, they have a huge excitement about changing the people around him, changing everybody in the whole world. The person who have successfully went through the changes would want to make others aware of the changes and make the see the matter the way the successful person is seeing it. This will in turn help the people who are still under depression and stress come out of the situation and step in the world of enthusiasm (Hayes 2014). This is the way in which a radical change is accepted by a person in an emotional rollercoaster. This whole phase of transition can happen in a few seconds and sometimes it can take up to a year. There has also been a situation where a lot of people and organizations could not make it to the other side of the transition and got lost in the phase of depression and fear of predictivity (Dawson and Andriopoulos 2014). An example of radical change has been experienced by us in our family. My father has always worked for a company as an IT Procurement Manager, with the specialization of Statistical Analysis and Data Reconfiguration. He had always hated his job but he never really had the strength to leave the job. Thus he kept on working for a company with a job that he never really liked to do. The company started suffering from huge losses every financial year all of a sudden and went bankrupt. Thus, the company was closed and he lost the job. There really was that phase of denial where he took time to make himself believe that he had actually lost his job and he had nothing to do in order to support his family. Thus came the fear and anxiety of the facts that when he is not earning, how is he going to provide his family with food and proper shelter. However, he could not sit idle and just think about all these factors. He had to get out and look for a new job but he was not interested to do Stati stical Analysis and Data Reconfiguration any more. So he found a job in advertising which he actually liked and after an initial struggle, our lives are now better than before. Professor Muellers successful change management had five different steps. At first, a clear vision of the problem is necessary. Secondly, the impact of the event on people should be clarified. Communication with the people suffering from the issue is necessary to pull them out of the situation. This should not be dealt alone but performed in a team. Always, it has to be felt that a person owns the change and thus celebration is necessary for that. The 8-step change model described by professor Kotter describes us the same methods as given by Professor Mueller. Instead of five steps, there are 8 steps in this theory, establishing a sense of urgency, forming a coalition, creating a vision, communication of the vision, influencing others to react on the vision, planning for improvements in the performances, consolidating the improvements and hoping for more changes and finally establishing new approaches (Ceptureanu 2015). References Ceptureanu, E.G., 2015. Research regarding change management tools on EU SMEs.Business Excellence and Management Review,5(2), pp.28-32. Dawson, P. and Andriopoulos, C., 2014.Managing change, creativity and innovation. Sage. Hayes, J., 2014.The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Huy, Q.N., Corley, K.G. and Kraatz, M.S., 2014. From support to mutiny: Shifting legitimacy judgments and emotional reactions impacting the implementation of radical change.Academy of Management Journal,57(6), pp.1650-1680. Norman, D.A. and Verganti, R., 2014. Incremental and radical innovation: Design research vs. technology and meaning change.Design issues,30(1), pp.78-96.